Nutrition

NUTRITION

The following online resources provide information, guidelines, and tools for providers and patients in managing issues related to nutrition and HIV:
    2000 CDC Growth Charts: United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
    CheapCooking.com. Website with recipes using low-cost ingredients and tips for frugal meal planning.
    Infectious Diseases Nutrition Dietetic Practice Group Affiliate of the American Dietetic Association. Website includes screening tool (Nutrition Screen and Referral Criteria for Adults with HIV/AIDS). Formerly HIV/AIDS Dietetic Nutrition Practice Group.
    ChooseMyPlate.gov.  U.S. Department of Agriculture website with dietary guidelines, tips, resources, and consumer-oriented information.
    Nutrition.gov


HIV/AIDS Related Nutritional Problem / Suggestion Sheet

Weight Loss (decrease in both body cell mass and fat)
·      Early identification and ongoing monitoring are key.
·      Identify and treat underlying risk factors.
·      Try to add calories without adding "bulk":
o Fat (9 calories/gram): butter, margarine, avocado, cream, mayonnaise, salad dressing
o Carbohydrate (4 calories/gram): jam, jelly, sugar, icing, gum drops
o Protein (4 calories/gram): protein powders, cheese, nut butters, trail mix, powdered breakfast drinks, nonfat dry milk
o Eat more frequently.
o Maximize good days.
o Use canned supplements (e.g., Ensure, Boost).
o For wasting or substantial weight loss, consider referral for therapies such as appetite stimulants or human growth hormone.

Diarrhea
·      Increase soluble fiber; decrease insoluble fiber.
·      Replenish beneficial bacteria (e.g., with lactobacilli preparations).
·      Avoid intestinal irritants and stimulants.
·      Decrease dietary fat.
·      Decrease or eliminate lactose.
·      Increase fluids and provide electrolytes (sodium, potassium).

Early Fullness
·      Take small, frequent meals.
·      Concentrate on solid foods, with liquids between meals.
·      Eat lower-fat, lower-fiber foods.
·      Wear loose-fitting clothing.
·      Sit up while eating.
·      Eat, walk, and eat again.

Nausea
·      Take small, frequent meals.
·      Try dry snack foods.
·      Avoid fried foods, very sweet foods, spicy foods, and foods with strong odors.
·      Try cool, clear beverages, popsicles.
·      Try ginger-containing foods and drinks.
·      Keep liquids to a minimum at meals.

Changes in Taste
·      Eat a variety of foods, not only favorite foods.
·      Try protein sources other than red meat.
·      Marinate foods, use sauces.
·      Use more and stronger seasonings.
·      Try tart foods.
·      Use sugar or salt to tone down the flavor of foods.
·      Try a mouth rinse of 1 teaspoon of baking soda in 1 cup of warm water before eating.

Loss of Appetite
·      Rely on favorite foods.
·      Ask family members and friends to prepare meals.
·      Eat small, frequent meals.
·      Keep snacks handy for nibbling.
·      Eat before bedtime.
·      Eat in a pleasant place, with other people.
·      Make the most of good days.
·      Try light exercise to stimulate appetite.
·      Add extra calories without adding bulk.
·      Consider appetite stimulants (e.g., megestrol, stimulants).

Difficulty Chewing & Swallowing or Soar Mouth and Throat
·      Choose soft, nutritious foods.
·      Blend or puree foods (e.g., soup or stew, smoothies).
·      Add cream sauces, butter, or gravy for lubrication.
·      Sip liquids with foods.
·      Use a straw or drink foods from a cup.
·      Choose bland, low-acid foods.
·      If hot foods cause pain, serve foods cold or at room temperature.
·      Avoid alcohol and tobacco.
·      Soothing lozenges or sprays may help.

FOOD SAFETY

A need-to-know guide for those who have been diagnosed with HIV/AIDS
 U.S. Department of Agriculture
Food Safety and Inspection Service
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Food and Drug Administration  
 September 2006; Slightly revised September 2011


Special thanks to Veronica Bersania for the preparation of the Nutrition and Food Safety resources listed here.


ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
http://www.eatright.org/

USDA: Foods List
http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list

5 Keys to Healthy Cooking
http://blog.kanetix.ca/5-keys-to-healthy-cooking/

Food Safety News from the Experts
http://blog.zintro.com/food/

Healthy Diet & Lifestyle, Food Groups, Nutrition Before & During Pregnancy, Child Nutrition, Physical Activity
http://krilloil.com/blog/nutrition-pyramid/

The Food and Nutrition Information Center
http://fnic.nal.usda.gov/

Nutritional Values For Common Foods And Products
http://www.nutritionvalue.org/


NutritionData.com: Nutrition facts, calories in food, labels and more
http://nutritiondata.self.com/

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