NUTRITION
The
following online resources provide information, guidelines, and tools for
providers and patients in managing issues related to nutrition and HIV:
•
2000 CDC Growth
Charts: United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention,
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
•
CheapCooking.com. Website with recipes
using low-cost ingredients and tips for frugal meal planning.
•
Infectious Diseases Nutrition
Dietetic Practice Group Affiliate of the American Dietetic Association.
Website includes screening tool (Nutrition Screen and Referral Criteria for
Adults with HIV/AIDS). Formerly HIV/AIDS Dietetic Nutrition Practice Group.
•
ChooseMyPlate.gov. U.S. Department of Agriculture website with
dietary guidelines, tips, resources, and consumer-oriented information.
HIV/AIDS Related Nutritional Problem /
Suggestion Sheet
Weight
Loss (decrease in both body cell mass and fat)
· Early identification and
ongoing monitoring are key.
· Identify and treat
underlying risk factors.
· Try to add calories
without adding "bulk":
o Fat (9 calories/gram):
butter, margarine, avocado, cream, mayonnaise, salad dressing
o Carbohydrate (4
calories/gram): jam, jelly, sugar, icing, gum drops
o Protein (4
calories/gram): protein powders, cheese, nut butters, trail mix, powdered breakfast
drinks, nonfat dry milk
o Eat more frequently.
o Maximize good days.
o Use canned supplements
(e.g., Ensure, Boost).
o For wasting or
substantial weight loss, consider referral for therapies such as appetite
stimulants or human growth hormone.
Diarrhea
· Increase soluble fiber;
decrease insoluble fiber.
· Replenish beneficial
bacteria (e.g., with lactobacilli preparations).
· Avoid intestinal
irritants and stimulants.
· Decrease dietary fat.
· Decrease or eliminate
lactose.
· Increase fluids and
provide electrolytes (sodium, potassium).
Early
Fullness
· Take small, frequent
meals.
· Concentrate on solid
foods, with liquids between meals.
· Eat lower-fat,
lower-fiber foods.
· Wear loose-fitting clothing.
· Sit up while eating.
· Eat, walk, and eat
again.
Nausea
· Take small, frequent
meals.
· Try dry snack foods.
· Avoid fried foods, very
sweet foods, spicy foods, and foods with strong odors.
· Try cool, clear
beverages, popsicles.
· Try ginger-containing
foods and drinks.
· Keep liquids to a
minimum at meals.
Changes
in Taste
· Eat a variety of foods,
not only favorite foods.
· Try protein sources
other than red meat.
· Marinate foods, use
sauces.
· Use more and stronger
seasonings.
· Try tart foods.
· Use sugar or salt to tone
down the flavor of foods.
· Try a mouth rinse of 1
teaspoon of baking soda in 1 cup of warm water before eating.
Loss
of Appetite
· Rely on favorite foods.
· Ask family members and
friends to prepare meals.
· Eat small, frequent
meals.
· Keep snacks handy for nibbling.
· Eat before bedtime.
· Eat in a pleasant place,
with other people.
· Make the most of good
days.
· Try light exercise to
stimulate appetite.
· Add extra calories
without adding bulk.
· Consider appetite
stimulants (e.g., megestrol, stimulants).
Difficulty
Chewing & Swallowing or Soar Mouth and Throat
· Choose soft, nutritious
foods.
· Blend or puree foods
(e.g., soup or stew, smoothies).
· Add cream sauces,
butter, or gravy for lubrication.
· Sip liquids with foods.
· Use a straw or drink
foods from a cup.
· Choose bland, low-acid
foods.
· If hot foods cause pain,
serve foods cold or at room temperature.
· Avoid alcohol and
tobacco.
· Soothing lozenges or
sprays may help.
FOOD
SAFETY
A
need-to-know guide for those who have been diagnosed with HIV/AIDS
U.S. Department of
Agriculture
Food
Safety and Inspection Service
U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services
Food
and Drug Administration
September
2006; Slightly revised September 2011
Special thanks to Veronica Bersania for the
preparation of the Nutrition and Food Safety resources listed here.
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
Academy of Nutrition and
Dietetics
http://www.eatright.org/
USDA: Foods List
http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list
5 Keys to Healthy Cooking
http://blog.kanetix.ca/5-keys-to-healthy-cooking/
Food Safety News from the Experts
http://blog.zintro.com/food/
http://www.eatright.org/
USDA: Foods List
http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list
5 Keys to Healthy Cooking
http://blog.kanetix.ca/5-keys-to-healthy-cooking/
Food Safety News from the Experts
http://blog.zintro.com/food/
Healthy
Diet & Lifestyle, Food Groups, Nutrition Before & During Pregnancy,
Child Nutrition, Physical Activity
http://krilloil.com/blog/nutrition-pyramid/
http://krilloil.com/blog/nutrition-pyramid/
The
Food and Nutrition Information Center
http://fnic.nal.usda.gov/
http://fnic.nal.usda.gov/
Nutritional
Values For Common Foods And Products
http://www.nutritionvalue.org/
http://www.nutritionvalue.org/
NutritionData.com: Nutrition facts,
calories in food, labels and more
http://nutritiondata.self.com/
http://nutritiondata.self.com/
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